Heat exchangers are machines made to move heat between two or more different-temperature liquids, vapors, or gases. The process of heat transfer can be gas-to-gas, liquid-to-gas, or liquid-to-liquid, depending on the type of heat exchanger used. It can take place through direct fluid contact or a solid separator that stops the fluids from mixing. The efficiency and effectiveness of the heat exchange can be greatly impacted by additional design features including the type of heat exchange surface (plate, tubular, or extended surface) and the flow configuration.
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