Real estate investment pathways to second citizenship are offered by various countries, each with distinct parameters:

• Investment ranges: $200,000 (Caribbean) to €2M+ (Europe)

• Holding periods: Typically 3-7 years

• Processing: 6-24 months depending on jurisdiction

• Ancillary costs: Government fees (10-30% of investment)

Benefits like visa-free mobility come with obligations, including property maintenance and compliance with due diligence checks. Investors should evaluate market volatility, exit strategies, and tax reporting requirements before committing.

For updated jurisdictional comparisons: Citizenship-By.Investments